Direct empirical matchups across watch movements, precious metal bullion alloys, structural steel beams, solar system ephemerides, and index fossils.
Beat rate (BPH/Hz), lift angles, power reserves, and daily rate accuracy tolerances.
Specific gravity, fineness parts-per-thousand, melt points (°C), and metallurgical density.
Moment of inertia (Ix), section modulus (Sx), depth, and weight per meter.
Surface gravity, escape velocity, orbital radius, sidereal rotation, and axial tilt.
First and Last Appearance Datums (FAD/LAD Ma), biozones, and chronostratigraphy.