Metal Stock Size Calculator – Minimum Raw Stock Before Machining

Calculate minimum starting stock for rectangular, round-bar and square-bar workpieces by adding machining allowance, facing allowance and optional saw kerf.

Raw stock size calculator

What stock allowance does

The calculator treats allowances as material left on each relevant side or end. Always enter allowances according to how your machining plan defines them.

Stock size formulas

Rectangular stock
Raw length = finished length + 2 × end allowance + kerf. Raw width = finished width + 2 × side allowance. Raw thickness = finished thickness + 2 × face allowance.
Round bar
Raw diameter = finished diameter + diameter allowance. Raw length = finished length + 2 × end allowance + kerf.
Square bar
Raw side = finished side + 2 × side allowance. Raw length = finished length + 2 × end allowance + kerf.

Stock volume and machining allowance

Rectangular / square stock
The calculator estimates raw stock volume and finished-part volume, then shows the difference as theoretical material removed from the starting block.
Round stock
Round-bar volume is calculated using π × radius² × length.
Stock volume does not equal actual scrap volume in every manufacturing process. Toolpaths, fixtures, saw cuts, drilling, pockets, holes, part geometry and nesting can change the actual material consumed.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I calculate minimum raw stock size? Add the required machining allowance to the finished dimensions. If the allowance applies to both opposite sides, it is added twice.

What is a machining allowance? It is extra material intentionally left on the starting workpiece so machining can produce the required finished dimensions.

Should I add allowance to both sides? If your specified allowance is per side, yes. For example, a 2 mm allowance per side adds 4 mm to the overall dimension.

Does the calculator include saw kerf? Yes. An optional kerf can be added to the calculated raw length.

Can I calculate round-bar stock? Yes. Enter finished diameter and length plus diameter and end allowances.

Can I calculate square-bar stock? Yes. Enter the finished square side and length plus side and end allowances.

Does this calculator select commercial stock sizes? No. It calculates the minimum dimensional requirement. Actual purchasing should account for commercially available sizes and supplier tolerances.

How much machining allowance should I use? There is no universal value. It depends on material, stock condition, part size, process, tolerance, surface condition and the machining operation.