Check fabricated metal components by comparing measured perpendicularity deviation with a specified 90-degree tolerance and calculate pass/fail, remaining tolerance and tolerance utilization.
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Perpendicularity is a geometric control used to limit how far a surface, line, axis or other feature may deviate from a 90-degree relationship with a specified datum or reference.
For fabricated and machined metal components, perpendicularity requirements can apply to faces, edges, holes, bores, shafts and other features where accurate right-angle relationships are important.
This calculator performs a numerical comparison between the measured maximum deviation and the specified perpendicularity limit.
If the measured deviation is greater than the specified limit, the numerical result is FAIL.
Remaining tolerance indicates how much numerical tolerance is available between the measured deviation and the specified maximum.
A positive value indicates tolerance remains. Zero means the measurement is exactly at the limit. A negative value indicates that the specified limit has been exceeded.
Tolerance utilization expresses the measured deviation as a percentage of the specified perpendicularity limit.
For example, a measured deviation of 0.05 mm against a 0.10 mm limit uses 50% of the specified numerical allowance.
Perpendicularity can be important in fabricated brackets, frames, welded assemblies, machined plates, supports, housings and other components where faces or features must maintain a controlled right-angle relationship.
Perpendicularity controls a 90-degree relationship between a feature and its datum or reference. Parallelism controls a parallel relationship.
For example, a fabricated bracket may require one face to be perpendicular to a base datum while another face must remain parallel to a reference face.
Flatness controls the form of a surface relative to an ideal plane. Perpendicularity controls orientation relative to a datum or reference.
A surface can be very flat while still being incorrectly oriented relative to another component or datum.
This calculator performs a numerical comparison only. It does not establish the correct datum system, tolerance zone, measurement method or applicable geometric-tolerancing standard.
Actual acceptance should be based on the engineering drawing, product specification, inspection plan and appropriate calibrated measurement equipment.
When does the perpendicularity check pass? The numerical check passes when measured deviation is less than or equal to the specified perpendicularity limit.
What is remaining tolerance? It is the specified perpendicularity limit minus the measured deviation.
What does 100% utilization mean? The measured deviation is exactly equal to the specified tolerance limit.
What happens above 100% utilization? The measured deviation exceeds the specified limit and the numerical result becomes FAIL.
Can this check fabricated components? Yes. Enter the measured maximum deviation and the applicable specified perpendicularity limit.
Is perpendicularity the same as squareness? Not exactly. Perpendicularity is the formal geometric control; squareness is commonly used as a general description of a 90-degree relationship.
Does PASS certify the component? No. It only confirms that the entered numerical measurement satisfies the entered limit.